Development of a Two‐Tier Fibrous Membrane by Sequential Electrospinning for Effective Air Filtration          下载免费PDF全文

Sowndarya Ramachandran  Sheeja Rajiv 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(6)

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基于改进Terzarghi方法的桩网地基桩土应力计算     

黄宇华  徐林荣  周俊杰  蔡雨 《岩土力学》2020,41(2):667-675

桩土应力比是桩网复合地基承载力和沉降计算的重要参数，其与地基的固结沉降相关，具有明显的时变特性。已有基于Terzarghi土拱模型的松动土压力计算理论是在滑动面土体均达到极限状态的假定上讨论的，不适用于桩网地基小变形条件下桩土应力的计算。为此，在Terzarghi模型的基础上，相对位移面摩阻力传递函数采用等刚度理想弹塑性模型，结合土体单元的平衡方程与变形协调方程，导出了桩土应力及土拱高度理论解，系统分析了桩土应力及拉膜效应随各设计参数的定量变化规律。分析结果表明，改进方法与现有土拱效应模型相比适用性较好，随着桩土差异沉降增加，土拱高度和桩土应力比逐渐增大，土拱率呈双曲线形减小，同时拉膜效应逐渐发挥。增加填筑荷载对土拱效应有显著削弱作用，桩土应力比随桩距增大而减小，随黏聚力增大而增大。结合改进方法与已有现场实测数据，分析了桩土应力的时变特性，验证了该方法的合理性，可为桩网地基桩土应力计算提供参考。  相似文献   

降阶模型在膜结构风振流固耦合分析中的应用     

孙芳锦  张爱社 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(3):59-64

针对膜结构风振流固耦合计算的强耦合分区法应用降阶模型,将降阶模型应用于耦合迭代运算过程.建立了流体域和结构域的降阶模型,给出了采用降阶模型进行强耦合分区计算的步骤.为了实现强流体域和结构域的强耦合,通过在耦合迭代过程中采用降阶模型的方式获得流体及结构的雅克比行列式,在每一时间步内采用降阶模型计算强耦合求解方法中的流体和...  相似文献   

Effects of rice straw on the cell viability,photosynthesis, and growth of Microcystis aeruginosa     

苏文  贾育红  卢亚萍  孔繁翔 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(1):120-129

Rice straw is supposed to be an environment-friendly biomaterial for inhibiting the growth of harmful blooms of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. However, its potential mechanism is not well known. To explore this mechanism, the growth, cell viability （esterase activity, membrane potential, and membrane integrity）, photosynthesis, and cell size ofM. aeruginosa were determined using flow cytometry and Phyto-PAM after exposure to rice straw extracts （RSE）. The results show that doses from 2.0 to 10.0 g/L of RSE efficiently inhibited the alga for 15 days, while the physiologic and morphologic responses of the cyanobacteria were time-dependent. RSE interfered with the cell membrane potential, cell size, and in vivo chlorophyll-a fluorescence on the first day. After 7 days of exposure, RSE was transported into the cytosol, which disrupted enzyme activity and photosynthesis. The cyanobacteria then started to repair its physiology （enzyme activity, photosynthesis） and remained viable, suggesting that rice straw act as an algistatic agent.  相似文献   

SZ36-1油田污水悬浮物无机组分研究     

李旭  唐洪明  刘义刚  高建崇  刘璐 《海洋地质译丛》2010,(2):53-57,71

综合利用扫描电镜能谱分析、X-射线衍射仪等先进仪器对SZ36-1油田滤膜组分燃烧前后进行综合分析研究。通过分析无机组分中Fe、Ca等元素的变化规律,并结合现场水质监测数据,研究发现SZ36-1油田回注污水由CEP向AJ、平台输送过程中水质逐级恶化;同时污水由CEP到A平台再到J平台过程中,Fe原子百分比平均值依次为4.45%、13.03%、19.45%,Ca原子百分比平均值依次为4.33%、5.43%、5.66%。腐蚀、结垢现象逐渐加剧,是导致注水水质恶化的主要原因。  相似文献   

超细SiO₂改性壳聚糖膜的制备、表征及蛋白质分离性能研究          下载免费PDF全文

龙腾  陈义强  柯文林  唐旭  徐长安  吴鹏 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(4):607-613

本研究通过先共混沉淀后溶解去除超细SiO2颗粒（5~10 μm）制备改性壳聚糖膜,采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）观察显示,改性后的壳聚糖膜由微尺度多孔结构和光滑表面结构的非对称结构组成,并且改性前后壳聚糖膜的机械性能没有明显改变。死端过滤实验测试膜通量的结果显示,由于微观凹凸膜结构可增大膜的有效扩散面积,因此改性后壳聚糖膜的水渗透性比未改性壳聚糖膜提高了1.5倍。采用自由扩散法测试溶菌酶（14 kDa）、胰蛋白酶（20 kDa）、胃蛋白酶（34 kDa）、鸡卵清蛋白（43 kDa）和牛血清白蛋白（65 kDa）在壳聚糖膜内的有效扩散系数（effective diffusion coefficients, Deff）,实验结果表明,虽然蛋白质分子量的变化仅为4.6倍,但是改性壳聚糖膜中蛋白质的Deff变化达330倍,说明壳聚糖膜具有一定的蛋白质选择过滤性能。另一方面,鸡卵清蛋白和牛血清白蛋白的Deff出现了较为明显的变化,由此推测改性壳聚糖膜传质通道的大小与鸡卵清蛋白的分子大小相当。本研究结果可为生物酶制剂精制过程的膜过滤操作提供参考。  相似文献   

无矩阵迭代法在膜结构风振耦合分析中的应用     

孙芳锦  殷志祥  张大明 《地震学刊》2010,(2):212-215

提出在采用浸入物体法（IOM）对膜结构和空气流体建模时,可以采用带有预定条件的无矩阵Newton-Krylov迭代算法求解浸入物体法,并引入了预定条件矩阵。将提出的无矩阵迭代方法应用于一双坡型膜结构的风振耦合分析中,得出了结构的风压和风速分布,并对带有预定条件和不带预定条件的无矩阵迭代算法进行了对比。结果表明,将带有预定条件的无矩阵迭代算法应用于膜结构风振的耦合分析中,可以得到准确结果,并使计算效率大大提高。  相似文献   

UV-B辐射对2种海洋微藻膜脂过氧化和脱酯化伤害     

王军  肖慧  冯蕾  蔡恒江  唐学玺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(5):763-766

研究海洋生态系统在调节全球变化中的作用,采用生态毒理学的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋微藻膜的损伤及其差异性。结果表明,随着UV-B辐射剂量的增加,叉鞭金藻(Dicrateriasp.)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornu-tum)的光合速率降低。同时,膜相对透性增大,细胞内H2O2含量上升,微粒体膜中磷脂减少,游离脂肪酸增加。表明UV-B辐射增强使2种微藻的膜受到了严重伤害,而且膜伤害的加剧与活性氧的积累和由此引发的膜脂脱酯化有关。2种微藻细胞匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著变化,而微粒体膜的MDA含量随着UV-B辐射剂量的加大显著提高。这表明UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋微藻膜的损伤可能是由膜脂过氧化和脱酯化作用共同引起的。  相似文献   

Total oxyradical scavenging capacity and cell membrane stability of haemocytes of the Arctic scallop, Chlamys islandicus, following benzo(a)pyrene exposure     

L. Camus  M. B. Jones  J. F. Brseth  B. E. Grsvik  F. Regoli  M. H. Depledge 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5)

Industrial activities, notably oil and gas industries, are expanding in the Arctic. Most of the biomarkers were developed using temperate organisms living at temperatures above 10 °C. Little is known about the biomarker responses of organisms living between −1.88 and 5 °C. Therefore, assessment of the toxicity of chemicals to cold-water adapted species is required. In this study, the Arctic scallop, Chlamys islandicus, was selected as a key species for bio-monitoring because of wide distribution in Arctic waters and its commercial value. Test animals, stored in seawater at 2 °C, were injected with benzo(a)pyrene (diluted in cod liver oil 5 mg ml⁻¹) in the adductor muscle every 24 h for four days giving a final dose of 0, 74 and 90.6 mg kg⁻¹ wet weight for control, low and high dose, respectively. The biomarkers used were total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) in the digestive gland and cell membrane stability of haemocytes. TOSC values were significantly reduced (ca. 30%) in exposed groups (P<0.05), indicating a depletion in oxyradical molecular scavengers. The antioxidant defences appeared to be overwhelmed by the reactive oxygen species as the plasma membranes of haemocytes were destabilised (P<0.05) probably due to lipid peroxidation. These data indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced by Arctic scallops via the metabolisation of benzo(a)pyrene at 2 °C.  相似文献   

Biomarker responses in Macoma nasuta (Bivalvia) exposed to sediments from northern San Francisco Bay     

Ingeborg Werner  Swee J. Teh  Seema Datta  XiaoQiao Lu  Thomas M. Young 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):299

Our study investigates biomarker responses and survival of Macoma nasuta exposed to sediments collected from six locations in northern San Francisco Bay. Biomarkers analyzed were stress proteins (hsp70) in gill, mantle and digestive gland, lysosomal membrane damage and histopathologic lesions. Sediments and clam tissues were analyzed for a comprehensive suite of heavy metals and trace organic pollutants. Sediment grain size and organic carbon content were determined. Clams accumulated metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (aldrin and p,p^′-DDT and its metabolites p,p^′-DDD and p,p^′-DDE). Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that mortality, hsp70 in gill and histopathologic lesion scores in gonads, and lysosomal membrane damage were significantly correlated with tissue concentrations of DDT and/or its metabolites. Tissue concentrations of metals, in particular nickel, chromium, and copper, were associated with macrophage aggregates in digestive gland and germ cell necrosis. Cadmium was linked to mortality and lysosomal membrane damage.  相似文献